/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 8; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*-
 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
 * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
 * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. */

#ifndef vm_Time_h
#define vm_Time_h

#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdint.h>

/*
 * Broken down form of 64 bit time value.
 */
struct PRMJTime {
    int32_t tm_usec;            /* microseconds of second (0-999999) */
    int8_t tm_sec;              /* seconds of minute (0-59) */
    int8_t tm_min;              /* minutes of hour (0-59) */
    int8_t tm_hour;             /* hour of day (0-23) */
    int8_t tm_mday;             /* day of month (1-31) */
    int8_t tm_mon;              /* month of year (0-11) */
    int8_t tm_wday;             /* 0=sunday, 1=monday, ... */
    int32_t tm_year;            /* absolute year, AD */
    int16_t tm_yday;            /* day of year (0 to 365) */
    int8_t tm_isdst;            /* non-zero if DST in effect */
};

/* Some handy constants */
#define PRMJ_USEC_PER_SEC       1000000L
#define PRMJ_USEC_PER_MSEC      1000L

/* Return the current local time in micro-seconds */
extern int64_t
PRMJ_Now();

/* Initialize the resources associated with PRMJ_Now. */
#if defined(XP_WIN)
extern void
PRMJ_NowInit();
#else
inline void
PRMJ_NowInit() {}
#endif

/* Release the resources associated with PRMJ_Now; don't call PRMJ_Now again */
#ifdef XP_WIN
extern void
PRMJ_NowShutdown();
#else
inline void
PRMJ_NowShutdown() {}
#endif

/* Format a time value into a buffer. Same semantics as strftime() */
extern size_t
PRMJ_FormatTime(char* buf, int buflen, const char* fmt, PRMJTime* tm);


/**
 * Requesting the number of cycles from the CPU.
 *
 * `rdtsc`, or Read TimeStamp Cycle, is an instruction provided by
 * x86-compatible CPUs that lets processes request the number of
 * cycles spent by the CPU executing instructions since the CPU was
 * started. It may be used for performance monitoring, but you should
 * be aware of the following limitations.
 *
 *
 * 1. The value is *not* monotonic.
 *
 * The value is reset to 0 whenever a CPU is turned off (e.g. computer
 * in full hibernation, single CPU going turned off). Moreover, on
 * multi-core/multi-CPU architectures, the cycles of each core/CPU are
 * generally not synchronized.  Therefore, is a process or thread is
 * rescheduled to another core/CPU, the result of `rdtsc` may decrease
 * arbitrarily.
 *
 * The only way to prevent this is to pin your thread to a particular
 * CPU, which is generally not a good idea.
 *
 *
 *
 * 2. The value increases independently.
 *
 * The value may increase whenever the CPU executes an instruction,
 * regardless of the process that has issued this
 * instruction. Moreover, if a process or thread is rescheduled to
 * another core/CPU, the result of `rdtsc` may increase arbitrarily.
 *
 * The only way to prevent this is to ensure that your thread is the
 * sole owner of the CPU. See [1] for an example. This is also
 * generally not a good idea.
 *
 *
 *
 * 3. The value does not measure time.
 *
 * On older architectures (pre-Pentium 4), there was no constant mapping
 * between rdtsc and CPU time.
 *
 *
 * 4. Instructions may be reordered.
 *
 * The CPU can reorder instructions. Also, rdtsc does not necessarily
 * wait until all previous instructions have finished executing before
 * reading the counter. Similarly, subsequent instructions may begin
 * execution before the read operation is performed. If you use rdtsc
 * for micro-benchmarking, you may end up measuring something else
 * than what you expect. See [1] for a study of countermeasures.
 *
 *
 * ** Performance
 *
 * According to unchecked sources on the web, the overhead of rdtsc is
 * expected to be 150-200 cycles on old architectures, 6-50 on newer
 * architectures. Agner's instruction tables [2] seem to confirm the latter
 * results.
 *
 *
 * [1]
 * http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/white-papers/ia-32-ia-64-benchmark-code-execution-paper.pdf
 * [2] http://www.agner.org/optimize/instruction_tables.pdf
 */

#define MOZ_HAVE_RDTSC 1

#if defined(_WIN32)

#include <intrin.h>
static __inline uint64_t
ReadTimestampCounter(void)
{
    return __rdtsc();
}

#elif defined(__i386__)

static __inline__ uint64_t
ReadTimestampCounter(void)
{
    uint64_t x;
    __asm__ volatile (".byte 0x0f, 0x31" : "=A" (x));
    return x;
}

#elif defined(__x86_64__)

static __inline__ uint64_t
ReadTimestampCounter(void)
{
    unsigned hi, lo;
    __asm__ __volatile__ ("rdtsc" : "=a"(lo), "=d"(hi));
    return ( (uint64_t)lo)|( ((uint64_t)hi)<<32 );
}

#else

#undef MOZ_HAVE_RDTSC

#endif

#endif /* vm_Time_h */
